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They are also referred to as Ilek Khanids or Ilak Khanids ( Persian: ایلک خانیان, romanized: Ilak-Khānīyān) in Persian.

Persian sources often used the term Al-i Afrasiyab ( Persian: آل افراسیاب, romanized: Āl-i Afrāsiyāb, lit.'House of Afrisyab') based on a supposed link to the legendary though actually unrelated King Afrasiab of pre-Islamic Transoxania.

In his linguistic treatise Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, Mahmud al-Kashgari, a native-born Karakhanid, listed two endonyms: "Khāqānī Turks" or just "Turks", the latter he also used to denote Turkic peoples in general.

Arabic Muslim sources called this dynasty al-Khaqaniya ("That of the Khaqans") or al Muluk al-Khaniyya al-Atrak (The Khanal kings of the Turks).

The term was devised by European Orientalists in the 19th century to describe both the dynasty and the Turks ruled by it. The word "Kara" means "black" and also "courageous" from Old Turkic (𐰴𐰺𐰀) and khan means ruler. The term Karakhanid was derived from Qara Khan or Qara Khaqan ( Persian: قراخان, romanized: Qarākhān), the foremost title of the rulers of the dynasty. The history of the Kara-Khanid Khanate is reconstructed from fragmentary and often contradictory written sources, as well as studies on their coinage. The Eastern Khanate ended in 1211, and the Western Khanate was extinguished by the Khwarazmian Empire in 1213.

In the late 11th century, they came under the suzerainty of the Seljuk Empire, followed by the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) in the mid-12th century. In the 1040s, the Khanate split into the Eastern and Western Khanates. The capitals of the Kara-Khanid Khanate included Kashgar, Balasagun, Uzgen and Samarkand. Their arrival in Transoxiana signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, yet the Kara-khanids gradually assimilated the Perso-Arab Muslim culture, while retaining some of their native Turkic culture. After that, they ruled as vassals of the Seljuqs until the Battle of Qatwan in 1141, and then as vassals of the Qara Khitais until 1211. The Khanate conquered Transoxiana in Central Asia and ruled it independently between 9. The dynastic names of Karakhanids and Ilek Khanids refer to royal titles with Kara Khagan being the most important Turkic title up until the end of the dynasty. The Kara-Khanid Khanate ( Persian: قراخانیان, romanized: Qarākhāniyān Chinese: 喀喇汗國 pinyin: Kālā Hánguó), also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids or the Afrasiabids ( Persian: آل افراسیاب, romanized: Āl-i Afrāsiyāb, lit.'House of Afrasiab'), was a Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia in the 9th through the early 13th century.